A biobank is a type of biorepository that stores biological samples, such as blood, tissue, DNA, and other bodily fluids, for use in research and medical studies. These samples are often linked with detailed health and demographic data, allowing scientists to study the relationship between genetic factors, environmental influences, and diseases. Biobanks play a critical role in advancing personalized medicine, helping researchers understand the causes of various illnesses, develop new treatments, and improve disease prevention strategies. They are also instrumental in large-scale epidemiological studies and clinical trials.

Modern biobanks operate under strict ethical guidelines and data protection regulations to ensure the privacy and consent of donors. They may be managed by hospitals, universities, government agencies, or private organizations. Some biobanks are population-based, collecting samples from large groups over time to monitor health trends, while others focus on specific diseases like cancer or rare genetic disorders. The growing availability of biobank data is transforming medical research, making it more data-driven and collaborative across countries and institutions.

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